在普通壓鑄機上應用擠壓壓鑄工藝
一、擠壓鑄造工藝與裝備應用現狀
擠壓鑄造技術發明了65年(nian)，它(ta)所(suo)具(ju)有(you)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)優(you)勢(shi)，已(yi)為(wei)機(ji)械(xie)製(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)行(xing)業(ye)所(suo)重(zhong)視(shi)。可(ke)惜(xi)受(shou)傳(chuan)統(tong)思(si)維(wei)方(fang)式(shi)和(he)裝(zhuang)備(bei)研(yan)製(zhi)滯(zhi)後(hou)的(de)製(zhi)約(yue)，擠(ji)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)仍(reng)未(wei)得(de)以(yi)最(zui)充(chong)分(fen)的(de)展(zhan)現(xian)。現(xian)時(shi)擠(ji)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)本(ben)以(yi)開(kai)式(shi)澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)立(li)式(shi)擠(ji)壓(ya)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)，與(yu)工(gong)效(xiao)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)臥(wo)式(shi)冷(leng)室(shi)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)工(gong)藝(yi)未(wei)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)兼(jian)容(rong)。近(jin)年(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)立(li)式(shi)閉(bi)模(mo)充(chong)型(xing)擠(ji)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)造(zao)，與(yu)40年前發明的"精、速、密"壓(ya)鑄(zhu)原(yuan)理(li)一(yi)樣(yang)，都(dou)是(shi)以(yi)壓(ya)射(she)機(ji)構(gou)進(jin)行(xing)補(bu)縮(suo)，其(qi)公(gong)稱(cheng)壓(ya)力(li)有(you)限(xian)，並(bing)未(wei)達(da)到(dao)擠(ji)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)補(bu)縮(suo)比(bi)壓(ya)要(yao)求(qiu)，嚴(yan)格(ge)來(lai)說(shuo)，還(hai)不(bu)能(neng)算(suan)作(zuo)真(zhen)正(zheng)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)擠(ji)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)造(zao)。
yuyazhujishuxiangbi，xianyoujiyazhuzaoshebeigongxiaobugao，lingjianchengxingchicunjingdudi，chengbenxiangduijiaogao。youyushebeidezidonghuachengdudi，duigongrendejinengyaoqiujiaogao，caozuonandujiaoda，laodongqiangdugao。tongyangdelingjian，jiyazhuzaogongyidechejianchengbenyueweiyazhugongyide2—3倍。加上壓射係統不完善，結構複雜的零件難以生產出來，限製了擠壓鑄造工藝的廣泛應用。
jiyazhuzaogongyituiguangyingyongsuocunzaidewenti，shiyouyuzhuangbeifazhandezhihouchanshengde。xianshichuantongdejiyazhuzaogongyiyuzhuangbei，zuidadezhengjiezaiyuweinengzhenzhengyuchuantongyazhuzhuangzhideyashexitongyouxiaojiehe，hemo、鎖suo模mo與yu擠ji壓ya如ru何he很hen好hao地di結jie合he起qi來lai是shi其qi關guan鍵jian的de問wen題ti。不bu突tu破po這zhe一yi點dian，擠ji壓ya鑄zhu造zao的de工gong藝yi潛qian能neng就jiu不bu能neng完wan全quan發fa揮hui出chu來lai，其qi對dui傳chuan統tong壓ya鑄zhu工gong藝yi的de替ti代dai性xing優you勢shi也ye就jiu難nan以yi充chong分fen表biao達da，傳chuan統tong壓ya鑄zhu技ji術shu也ye不bu能neng借jie此ci技ji術shu進jin行xing複fu合he而er躍yue上shang一yi個ge新xin台tai階jie。
二、在傳統壓鑄機上應用擠壓壓鑄工藝的優勢
chuantongyazhugongyiyuzhuangbeijishuyixiangdangwanshan，tebieshiwoshilengshiyazhujijiwoshiyazhugongyi，tadeyasheyuhemosuomozhuangzhi，juyoujiqiangdegongyishiyingxing。yinci，jiyazhuzaogongyiruguobunengyuchuantongyazhuzhuangbeixiangjiehe，jiangzhiyuetadeguangfanyingyong。kuachuzheyibu，jiyazhuzaojishujiangchuxianlingyigefenzhi，zhejiushijiyayazhujishu。huanyanzhi，zaichuantongyazhujidejichushangyingyongjiyazhuzaojishu，jiushijiyayazhujishu。genjujiyayazhuzishengongyidetedian，duichuantongyazhujijinxingxiangyingdewanshangaizao，zhetaoshebeijiushiyitaiquanxindejiyayazhujile。
1.正確而全麵認識壓鑄工藝與傳統壓鑄機的功能
bawojiyazhuzaogongyideyuanli，zaichuantongyazhujishangdijiandanyingyongjiyayazhugongyibingbushijiannanshi，guanjiandeshitupochuantongguannian。taxuyaoduichuantongyazhujisuoyongyoudexingnengyouquanmianchongfenderenshi，yeyaoduichuantongyazhugongyiyoushenkedelijie，haiyaoqingchunaxiexianruweizhudemohurenshi。
事實上，現時傳統的壓鑄機，其功能已相當齊備，它不但能進行普通的壓鑄，還能進行擠壓壓鑄、帶型芯擠壓壓鑄；不但能進行各種的低壓鑄造、差壓鑄造、重力鑄造，增加抽真空裝置後，還能進行真空吸鑄、真空壓鑄、真空擠壓壓鑄。如果思想再放開一點，將半固態加工、模鍛的技術與之相結合，形成連鑄連鍛的工藝，也是可以有效實現的。
現有不少型號的壓鑄機，其壓射係統的壓射力、壓射速度都是"連續無級可調"的。就低壓鑄造、差壓鑄造、重(zhong)力(li)鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)特(te)性(xing)來(lai)說(shuo)，在(zai)普(pu)通(tong)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)機(ji)上(shang)進(jin)行(xing)上(shang)述(shu)工(gong)藝(yi)是(shi)沒(mei)有(you)任(ren)何(he)問(wen)題(ti)。在(zai)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)機(ji)上(shang)安(an)裝(zhuang)這(zhe)種(zhong)模(mo)具(ju)，也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)人(ren)們(men)想(xiang)象(xiang)中(zhong)那(na)麼(me)昂(ang)貴(gui)，因(yin)為(wei)它(ta)並(bing)非(fei)一(yi)定(ding)設(she)計(ji)得(de)如(ru)傳(chuan)統(tong)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)模(mo)一(yi)樣(yang)複(fu)雜(za)。遺(yi)憾(han)的(de)是(shi)在(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)我(wo)們(men)難(nan)見(jian)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)及(ji)報(bao)道(dao)。這(zhe)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)對(dui)傳(chuan)統(tong)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)機(ji)及(ji)傳(chuan)統(tong)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)認(ren)識(shi)誤(wu)區(qu)、觀念誤區和應用誤區。
2.傳統壓鑄工藝與裝備的特點及與擠壓壓鑄工藝的適應性
傳統壓鑄機分兩類，一類是全液壓主缸合(鎖)模壓鑄機，另一類是曲肘機構鎖模壓鑄機。由於曲肘機構鎖模的設備製造成本較低，現時市場上該類機型已占主導地位。
