隨著國家化工、油藏等製造業產業經濟的迅猛發展，化工產業自動化水準越來越高。但與之同時，企業日常生產中會不斷遇到自動化儀表、shebeiguzhangwentisuishiyoukenengyingxiangzhengchangshengchan，jineryingxiangqiyejingjixiaoyi。youcikejian，jiaqiangzidonghuayibiaoderichangweihuyuguzhangchulijubeizhongyaoxianshiyiyi。
1.自動化儀表常見故障
1.1溫度控製儀表係統故障
當dang溫wen控kong儀yi表biao出chu現xian異yi常chang故gu障zhang時shi，應ying能neng了le解jie到dao溫wen控kong儀yi表biao測ce量liang時shi滯zhi後hou性xing表biao現xian明ming顯xian，即ji儀yi表biao測ce量liang通tong常chang滯zhi後hou性xing較jiao大da。首shou先xian，觀guan察cha儀yi表biao顯xian示shi值zhi大da小xiao，如ru若ruo儀yi表biao測ce量liang時shi顯xian示shi值zhi突tu然ran不bu穩wen定ding，出chu現xian變bian大da抑yi或huo變bian小xiao時shi，則ze確que認ren出chu其qi故gu障zhang出chu現xian在zai係xi統tong內nei部bu。其qi次ci，如ru若ruo發fa現xian溫wen控kong儀yi表biao顯xian示shi出chu現xian較jiao快kuai震zhen蕩dang行xing為wei，則ze基ji本ben可ke確que認ren為weiPID調整不當所引發異常。最後，溫控儀表指示如若出現較慢範圍波動，則基本可確認出其故障引發是工藝生產所致。
1.2醫療控製儀表常見的係統故障
shouxian，dangyalikongzhiyibiaochuxianbodongxingzhendangbianhuashi，yibantongguozhezhongyichangtezhengkequerenchushishengchangongyicaozuochuxianyichangbianhuayinfaqichuxianyichang。qici，kenengshiyalixitongyibiaoxianshichusixianbianhua，jishigongyicaozuofashengtiaozhenghuobianhua，qixianshizhiyemeifashenggaibianshi，zeyibanguzhanghuichuxianzaiceliangxitongzhong。weici，yaozhongdianjianzhayinyaguanshifouchuxiandulou，ruruomeifaxiandulouzekepanduanguzhangdianchuxianzaiceliangzhishixitongzhong，guercaiquzhenduixingfanganjinxingtiaozhenghuoweixiu。
1.3流量控製儀表係統故障
首(shou)先(xian)，測(ce)量(liang)控(kong)製(zhi)儀(yi)表(biao)如(ru)若(ruo)發(fa)現(xian)指(zhi)示(shi)值(zhi)處(chu)於(yu)最(zui)小(xiao)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，則(ze)需(xu)要(yao)重(zhong)點(dian)對(dui)現(xian)場(chang)儀(yi)表(biao)予(yu)以(yi)檢(jian)查(zha)，如(ru)若(ruo)無(wu)異(yi)常(chang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，則(ze)故(gu)障(zhang)應(ying)定(ding)位(wei)在(zai)顯(xian)示(shi)儀(yi)表(biao)中(zhong)。此(ci)時(shi)，如(ru)若(ruo)未(wei)能(neng)檢(jian)驗(yan)出(chu)異(yi)常(chang)，則(ze)故(gu)障(zhang)最(zui)可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)係(xi)統(tong)壓(ya)力(li)參(can)數(shu)不(bu)足(zu)或(huo)者(zhe)係(xi)統(tong)內(nei)部(bu)出(chu)現(xian)堵(du)塞(sai)，即(ji)這(zhe)些(xie)情(qing)況(kuang)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)操(cao)作(zuo)不(bu)當(dang)，抑(yi)或(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)結(jie)晶(jing)參(can)數(shu)不(bu)對(dui)所(suo)造(zao)成(cheng)。如(ru)此(ci)一(yi)來(lai)，當(dang)係(xi)統(tong)管(guan)路(lu)出(chu)現(xian)堵(du)塞(sai)，則(ze)需(xu)要(yao)了(le)解(jie)其(qi)管(guan)堵(du)原(yuan)因(yin)。具(ju)體(ti)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)孔(kong)板(ban)差(cha)壓(ya)流(liu)量(liang)計(ji)、抑yi或huo是shi正zheng壓ya引yin壓ya管guan出chu現xian堵du塞sai，包bao括kuo可ke能neng是shi機ji械xie式shi儀yi表biao出chu現xian流liu量liang計ji齒chi輪lun卡ka死si或huo者zhe過guo濾lv網wang堵du塞sai等deng情qing況kuang，進jin而er進jin行xing針zhen對dui性xing檢jian修xiu即ji可ke。其qi次ci，當dang發fa現xian測ce量liang儀yi表biao指zhi示shi值zhi處chu於yu最zui大da狀zhuang態tai時shi，則ze與yu其qi對dui應ying的de檢jian測ce儀yi表biao指zhi示shi也ye會hui處chu於yu最zui大da狀zhuang態tai。此ci時shi，可ke以yi手shou動dong調tiao試shi或huo遙yao控kong調tiao節jie閥fa開kai度du。如ru若ruo是shi指zhi示shi流liu量liang值zhi未wei能neng控kong製zhi到dao正zheng常chang狀zhuang態tai，則ze需xu要yao重zhong點dian檢jian查zha引yin壓ya係xi統tong是shi否fou處chu於yu正zheng常chang，包bao括kuo檢jian查zha傳chuan輸shu信xin號hao是shi否fou出chu現xian異yi常chang等deng。最zui後hou，如ru若ruo流liu量liang控kong製zhi指zhi示shi確que實shi波bo動dong頻pin率lv較jiao高gao，則ze可ke以yi將jiang控kong製zhi狀zhuang態tai改gai為wei手shou動dong調tiao整zheng，並bing對dui應ying改gai變bian控kong製zhi參can數shuPID或者調整工藝操作流程予以解決故障。
1.4液位控製儀表係統故障
shouxian，yeweikongzhixianshizhiruruochuxianzuidahuozuixiaoyichangqingkuangshi，zeyaojianceyibiaoshifouchuyuzhengchangzhibiaozhuangtai。juticaozuoshiyaoguanchayeweidezaicaozuoguochengzhongdebianhuaqingkuang，keyicaiyongshoudongdeyeweikongzhifangshi。genjuyeweidebianhuaqujianfanweilaipanduanguzhangdiandeweizhi，ruguoyeweishizaigudingdefanweineibianhua，nazaiyeweikongzhixitongzhongshicunzaizheguzhangde。ruruoyeweizhuangtaibuwen，zeshigongyicaozuoxitongzaocheng，jutikejiehegongyishengchanqingkuangyuyipaizha。qici，yeweikongzhizhishihexianchangyibiaozhibiaobupeitaoshi，zeshouxianjianzhafuyadaoyaguandefengyeqingkuangshifoucunzaicelou、滲(shen)漏(lou)，如(ru)果(guo)確(que)實(shi)發(fa)現(xian)測(ce)漏(lou)，重(zhong)新(xin)灌(guan)注(zhu)封(feng)液(ye)即(ji)可(ke)。最(zui)後(hou)，當(dang)控(kong)製(zhi)儀(yi)表(biao)指(zhi)示(shi)不(bu)能(neng)穩(wen)定(ding)，即(ji)波(bo)動(dong)頻(pin)率(lv)比(bi)較(jiao)頻(pin)繁(fan)，則(ze)需(xu)要(yao)結(jie)合(he)工(gong)藝(yi)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)檢(jian)查(zha)液(ye)位(wei)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)否(fou)正(zheng)常(chang)，當(dang)發(fa)現(xian)確(que)有(you)故(gu)障(zhang)采(cai)取(qu)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)解(jie)決(jue)措(cuo)施(shi)即(ji)可(ke)。
1.5調節閥卡堵、波動
調節閥的振動主要是由兩個方麵的原因引起的：一方麵可能是由於調節閥的彈簧太軟因此調節閥的輸出信號不穩定的情況；另ling一yi方fang麵mian引yin起qi調tiao節jie閥fa非fei正zheng常chang振zhen動dong的de原yuan因yin是shi整zheng個ge係xi統tong的de振zhen動dong頻pin率lv和he調tiao節jie閥fa的de振zhen動dong頻pin率lv是shi處chu在zai同tong一yi個ge頻pin率lv。針zhen對dui調tiao節jie閥fa振zhen動dong的de故gu障zhang最zui簡jian易yi快kuai捷jie的de方fang法fa是shi提ti升sheng調tiao節jie閥fa彈dan簧huang的de硬ying度du，但dan是shi如ru果guo是shi因yin為wei相xiang同tong的de振zhen動dong頻pin率lv的de話hua就jiu要yao將jiang調tiao節jie閥fa換huan掉diao，使shi用yong新xin的de調tiao節jie閥fa進jin行xing工gong作zuo。
2.儀表自動化設備的預防性維護措施
2.1實行TPM管理，製定合理的操作規範
近幾年來，備受油氣儲運企業推崇的TPM管理是指全員參與步步深入的，通過製訂規範，執行規範，評估效果，不斷完善、改進TPM，使TPM更加規範化，是一種全麵規範化生產維護措施。
實行TPM需(xu)要(yao)我(wo)們(men)堅(jian)持(chi)不(bu)斷(duan)深(shen)入(ru)地(di)觀(guan)察(cha)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)，根(gen)據(ju)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)，對(dui)機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)深(shen)了(le)解(jie)，找(zhao)出(chu)其(qi)操(cao)作(zuo)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)客(ke)觀(guan)規(gui)律(lv)，而(er)後(hou)製(zhi)定(ding)出(chu)合(he)理(li)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)應(ying)用(yong)規(gui)範(fan)，並(bing)不(bu)斷(duan)根(gen)據(ju)情(qing)況(kuang)將(jiang)其(qi)優(you)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)。簡(jian)單(dan)來(lai)說(shuo)TPM的實施主要就是以下四個步驟：首先，去現場觀察了解事實和實物；其次，要根據實際運行的情況尋找相關的規律指定合理的規劃；再次，製定維修相關的條例，以文本的形式進行落實；最後，根據以上的方法進行評估實際的效果，並且不斷進行修正和優化。
2.2製定儀表維護規範，定期進行維護
油(you)氣(qi)儲(chu)運(yun)公(gong)司(si)在(zai)儀(yi)表(biao)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)設(she)備(bei)管(guan)理(li)方(fang)麵(mian)應(ying)該(gai)以(yi)預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)，推(tui)行(xing)規(gui)範(fan)作(zuo)業(ye)行(xing)為(wei)和(he)規(gui)範(fan)作(zuo)業(ye)程(cheng)序(xu)。可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)平(ping)時(shi)積(ji)累(lei)的(de)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)儀(yi)表(biao)設(she)備(bei)的(de)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)維(wei)護(hu)經(jing)驗(yan)進(jin)行(xing)總(zong)結(jie)和(he)書(shu)麵(mian)化(hua)，這(zhe)樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)以(yi)書(shu)麵(mian)的(de)形(xing)式(shi)進(jin)行(xing)教(jiao)學(xue)和(he)傳(chuan)播(bo)，用(yong)手(shou)冊(ce)拿(na)來(lai)對(dui)員(yuan)工(gong)培(pei)訓(xun)，提(ti)高(gao)其(qi)操(cao)作(zuo)水(shui)平(ping)，另(ling)外(wai)製(zhi)定(ding)出(chu)儀(yi)器(qi)維(wei)護(hu)規(gui)範(fan)，將(jiang)設(she)備(bei)的(de)維(wei)護(hu)定(ding)期(qi)化(hua)，製(zhi)度(du)化(hua)。除(chu)此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai)，還(hai)根(gen)據(ju)作(zuo)業(ye)維(wei)護(hu)執(zhi)導(dao)書(shu)，結(jie)合(he)儀(yi)表(biao)設(she)備(bei)運(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，定(ding)期(qi)編(bian)製(zhi)預(yu)見(jian)性(xing)維(wei)護(hu)計(ji)劃(hua)，如(ru)儀(yi)表(biao)設(she)備(bei)的(de)月(yue)檢(jian)修(xiu)計(ji)劃(hua)、維護保養計劃等，確保了設備的長周期運行。
2.3製定科學的維護計劃和方案
bansuizhekexuedebuduanjinbu，zidonghuayibiaoshebeidezidonghuachengduyezaibuduantisheng，xianzaihenduoyibiaoshebeidounenggouduiguzhangjinxingzijian，jinxingguzhangdepanduanhexiufu，zheyangjiukeyigenjutazhidingchugengweikexuedeweihujihuahefangan，congerdadadijiangdiyiqiweihudegongzuoliang。
3.結語
zidonghuayibiaoduiyugegexingyelaishuoshiyouzhezhiguanzhongyaodezuoyongde，duiyuzhenggejiqideyunxingqizheanquangaoxiaodezuoyong。yinciduiyuzidonghuayibiaoyaojinxinggaoduguanzhu，duiyuzidonghuayibiaodeguzhangyaojinxingjingchangxingdejiance，duizidonghuayibiaodeguzhangjinxingzhenduixingdeweihu，bingqiejinxingzhenduixingzhidingxiangyingdeweihujihua，zheyangnenggouyanchangzidonghuayibiaodeshiyongshouming，jiangdiqiyedexiaohaoheweixiuchengben，tishengqiyedejingjixiaoyi。
